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Related Experiment Videos

Optimal character arrangements for ambiguous keyboards

G W Lesher1, B J Moulton, D J Higginbotham

  • 1Enkidu Research, Inc., Lockport, NY 14094, USA.

IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering : a Publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
|December 29, 1998
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an optimized keyboard layout for individuals with disabilities, improving typing efficiency. The new method enhances accessibility by intelligently arranging characters on reduced keyboards.

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Assistive Technology
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Many individuals with disabilities face challenges using traditional keyboards due to motor coordination limitations.
  • Ambiguous (reduced) keyboards offer an accessible alternative by mapping multiple characters to each key.
  • Statistical disambiguation algorithms interpret keystrokes, aiming for efficiency comparable to standard keyboards.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel method for optimizing character arrangements on ambiguous keyboards.
  • To improve keystroke efficiency by optimizing character placement for disambiguation algorithms.
  • To provide an exact performance measure for keyboard layout optimization, surpassing previous approximations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a new optimization technique for arranging N characters across M keys.

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  • Focused on optimizing the exact keystroke efficiency measure.
  • Applied the method to the 26-character, nine-key telephone keypad problem.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved a 2.5 percentage point improvement in efficiency over existing layouts for the telephone keypad.
    • The optimization method is computationally efficient, yielding results rapidly on a personal computer.
    • Demonstrated applicability to various disambiguation algorithms, character sets, and languages.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed optimization method significantly enhances typing efficiency on ambiguous keyboards.
    • This approach offers a practical and effective solution for improving computer accessibility for persons with disabilities.
    • The flexibility of the method allows for widespread application in diverse linguistic and algorithmic contexts.