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Related Experiment Videos

Social loafing under fatigue

C Y Hoeksema-van Orden1, A W Gaillard, B P Buunk

  • 1TNO Human Factors Research Institute, Soesterberg, The Netherlands. hoeksema@tm.tno.nl

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|December 29, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Sleep deprivation increases social loafing in group tasks. However, making individual performance public can reduce this effect, even when fatigued.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Sleep deprivation is a significant factor affecting cognitive and physical performance.
  • Social loafing, the reduction of individual effort in group settings, is a well-documented phenomenon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of sleep deprivation on social loafing.
  • To examine the effects of different social conditions and feedback mechanisms on performance during prolonged wakefulness.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-four male students participated in two experiments involving 20 hours of continuous work without sleep.
  • Experiment 1 compared individual versus group work performance.
  • Experiment 2 manipulated the type of public feedback (group vs. individual) in group settings.

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Main Results:

  • Performance deteriorated over time, particularly in group conditions without individual accountability.
  • Public feedback on individual results significantly reduced performance decline compared to group-only feedback.
  • Fatigue was found to exacerbate social loafing tendencies.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep deprivation enhances social loafing.
  • Individual accountability, through public feedback on individual performance, can mitigate the negative effects of fatigue on group work.
  • Task individualization and transparent performance metrics are crucial for maintaining effort during prolonged work periods.