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Related Experiment Videos

Granule-bound starch synthase: structure, function, and phylogenetic utility

R J Mason-Gamer1, C F Weil, E A Kellogg

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844-3051, USA. robie@uidaho.edu

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|December 29, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Low-copy nuclear genes like granule-bound starch synthase (GBSSI) offer valuable phylogenetic evidence in plants. Accommodating evolutionary rate variation is key to maximizing their phylogenetic utility.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Phylogenetics
  • Plant Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Growing interest in low-copy nuclear genes for plant phylogenetic analyses due to limitations of repetitive genes.
  • Low-copy genes provide independent phylogenetic evidence, evolving differently from plastid or repetitive nuclear markers.
  • The granule-bound starch synthase (GBSSI or waxy) gene is a single-copy gene found in most plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the phylogenetic utility of the GBSSI gene in plants.
  • To compare amino acid sequences across diverse taxa and infer structural conservation.
  • To analyze exon sequence evolution in grasses using maximum-likelihood methods and explore phylogenetic resolution through parsimony analyses.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of GBSSI amino acid sequences across plants (grasses, dicots) and microbial homologs.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Inferred structural information to guide alignment of divergent sequences.
  • Maximum-likelihood (ML) analyses of exon evolution in grasses, incorporating among-site rate variation (gamma distribution).
  • Cladistic parsimony analyses of GBSSI sequences at family, tribe, and genus levels.

    • Main Results:

    • Amino acid sequence comparisons revealed conserved structural motifs despite significant sequence divergence.
    • ML analyses indicated that among-site rate variation significantly improved phylogenetic model likelihood scores.
    • Introns were useful for closely related species, while exons provided resolution within grasses but with low bootstrap support.

    Conclusions:

    • GBSSI is a valuable low-copy nuclear gene for plant phylogenetic studies.
    • Accounting for variable evolutionary rates among sites is crucial for optimizing phylogenetic reconstruction using GBSSI.
    • The study highlights factors influencing phylogenetic reconstruction and the utility of GBSSI across different taxonomic levels.