Developing extravasation protocols and monitoring outcomes

Vesicant extravasation is a rare adverse reaction that occurs with vesicant chemotherapeutic agents. The result of an extravasation is distressing to the nurse and patient because significant pain, tissue necrosis, and loss of function at the site of injury can result. Although numerous studies have been conducted on vesicant management, controversies still exist concerning the optimal management procedures. However, it is clear that the most effective key to management of extravasation is prevention. Standards of practice provide the basis for preventing an extravasation, with the outcome being no occurrence of extravasation.