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Rotavirus

U D Parashar1, J S Bresee, J R Gentsch

  • 1Viral Gastroenteritis Section, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. uap2@cdc.gov

Emerging Infectious Diseases
|December 29, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Rotavirus (RV) is a major cause of childhood diarrhea. The tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV) shows promise in preventing RV illness and reducing hospitalizations.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Rotavirus is the leading cause of diarrheal disease in children globally, responsible for significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Natural rotavirus infection confers some immunity, suggesting vaccination as a potential control strategy.
  • Serotype-specific immunity is believed to contribute to protection against rotavirus disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of the tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV) against rotavirus gastroenteritis.
  • To assess the protective potential of RRV-TV against common human rotavirus serotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical trials were conducted in industrialized countries to assess vaccine efficacy.
  • The RRV-TV vaccine contains rhesus rotavirus (G3) and reassortant human rotaviruses (G1, G2, G4).

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Main Results:

  • RRV-TV demonstrated 49% to 68% protection against any rotavirus diarrhea.
  • The vaccine provided 61% to 100% protection against severe rotavirus disease.
  • The vaccine was licensed by the U.S. FDA in 1998.

Conclusions:

  • The RRV-TV vaccine is effective in reducing rotavirus diarrhea, particularly severe cases, in industrialized nations.
  • The vaccine is anticipated to be cost-effective for managing diarrheal diseases in these regions.
  • Further evaluation of RRV-TV's efficacy and cost-effectiveness in developing countries is recommended.