An angiographic approach to hepatobiliary diseases

Abdominal aortography and celiacomesenteric angiography preceded or followed by cholangiography and portography provide the most comprehensive approach and thorough angiographic evaluation of hepatobiliary-pancreatic diseases. Transhepatic catheterization and subsequent embolization of gastroesophageal veins are of great value in actively bleeding, as well as in stable, varices. Exit embolization of the needle tract minimizes the possibility of the leakage of blood or of bile.