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Related Experiment Videos

Ocular levels of azithromycin

K F Tabbara1, S A al-Kharashi, S M al-Mansouri

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
|December 31, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Oral azithromycin achieves prolonged high concentrations in ocular tissues, including tears and conjunctiva. These sustained levels support its efficacy for treating ocular infections like chlamydial conjunctivitis.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.
  • Understanding its ocular penetration and persistence is crucial for treating eye infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify azithromycin concentrations in human serum, aqueous humor, tear fluid, and conjunctival tissue.
  • To evaluate the duration of therapeutic azithromycin levels in ocular tissues after a single oral dose.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty patients undergoing cataract surgery received a single 1-g oral dose of azithromycin.
  • Serum, aqueous, and tear samples were collected at various time points post-administration.
  • Conjunctival tissue biopsies were collected over 14 days.
  • High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for quantification.

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Main Results:

  • Azithromycin was detected in all specimen types, with peak concentrations varying across tissues.
  • Tear fluid showed concentrations ranging from 82 to 2892 ng/mL.
  • Conjunctival tissue levels ranged from 0.7 to 32 micrograms/g.
  • Levels exceeding the MIC90 for Chlamydia trachomatis were sustained in tears for 4 days and conjunctiva for 14 days.

Conclusions:

  • A single oral dose of azithromycin leads to prolonged and elevated concentrations in ocular tissues.
  • Sustained azithromycin levels in conjunctival tissue suggest its suitability for treating chlamydial conjunctivitis and other susceptible bacterial eye infections.