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Intergroup biases and eyewitness testimony

T Lindholm1, S A Christianson

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden.

The Journal of Social Psychology
|January 1, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Eyewitnesses judged perpetrators of violent crimes more harshly when they were ethnically dissimilar. Participants were also more likely to misidentify innocent individuals from an out-group in identification tasks.

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Criminology
  • Eyewitness Testimony

Background:

  • In-group/out-group dynamics can influence perceptions of behavior.
  • Eyewitness accuracy is crucial in legal proceedings.
  • Ethnic bias may affect judgments in criminal contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how perpetrator ethnicity affects eyewitness evaluation of behavior.
  • To examine the impact of in-group/out-group status on eyewitness identification accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Participants viewed a simulated robbery film featuring an immigrant or Swedish perpetrator.
  • Eyewitnesses evaluated the perpetrator's culpability.
  • Participants completed an identification task using a lineup.

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Main Results:

  • Both immigrant and Swedish participants rated ethnically dissimilar perpetrators as more culpable.
  • Participants were more likely to misidentify an innocent immigrant than an innocent Swede in a lineup.
  • Findings suggest ethnic bias influences both behavioral evaluations and identification accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive and motivational factors likely underlie biased perpetrator evaluations.
  • Preconceived notions about perpetrator ethnicity may explain misidentifications in eyewitness tasks.
  • Understanding these biases is critical for improving eyewitness testimony reliability.