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Thyroid dysfunction in Down's syndrome: relation to age and thyroid autoimmunity

B Karlsson1, J Gustafsson, G Hedov

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Sweden.

Archives of Disease in Childhood
|January 6, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Thyroid disease is common in children with Down's syndrome (DS). Annual screening for thyroid dysfunction is crucial, especially as autoimmune thyroid disease prevalence increases after age 8 in DS patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Thyroidology

Background:

  • Down's syndrome (DS) is associated with a higher prevalence of thyroid disease.
  • Existing data primarily stem from cross-sectional studies, limiting longitudinal insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To longitudinally investigate thyroid function in 85 patients with Down's syndrome up to age 25.
  • To establish patterns of thyroid dysfunction development and characteristics in this population.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study involving yearly follow-ups at a children's clinic.
  • Regular thyroid function tests were conducted during each patient visit.

Main Results:

  • Hypothyroidism affected 30 patients, and hyperthyroidism affected two of the 85 patients.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Half of hypothyroidism cases occurred before age 8; autoimmune markers were rare initially but common after age 8.
  • Prepubertal patients with hypothyroidism showed reduced growth velocity before thyroxine treatment compared to post-treatment and controls.

    • Conclusions:

    • Thyroid dysfunction is prevalent in children with Down's syndrome, necessitating annual screening.
    • Autoimmune thyroid disease is infrequent in younger children with DS but becomes more common after age 8.
    • Early detection and management of thyroid dysfunction are vital for growth and development in children with DS.