Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in a patient with respiratory failure after hematopoietic progenitor...

Respiratory failure requiring orotracheal intubation (OTI) and mechanical ventilation (MV) is almost always a fatal complication in patients who undergo hematopoietic progenitor transplantation (HPT). We present the case of a woman who suffered respiratory failure with bilateral infiltrates on a chest X-ray taken on day +14 following autologous bone marrow transplantation. We managed the patient satisfactorily with noninvasive ventilation, avoiding OTI. We believe that patients with non-progressive pulmonary lesions and without multiple system organ failure, may be correctly managed with noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV).