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State institutions: thirty years of depopulation and closure
L L Anderson1, K C Lakin, T W Mangan
1University of Minnesota, RTC on Community Living/Institute on Community Integration, Minneapolis 55455, USA. ander447@maroon.tc.umn.edu
Abstract:
Over the past 30 years, a number of social, political, and economic forces have influenced public policy decisions regarding residential services for persons with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities (MR/DD). One of the most striking outcomes of these forces has been a steady decrease of persons with MR/DD residing in state institutions. In this paper we show the changes over the past 30 years in state institutional populations, interstate variability, movement of individuals into and out of state institutions, costs of state institutional care, and state institution closures as a result of social policy.