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[Idiopathic hypercalciuria in childhood]

G Reusz1

  • 1I. Gyermekklinika, Semmelweis Orvostudományi Egyetem, Budapest.

Orvosi Hetilap
|January 8, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHU) in children can cause kidney stones and other urinary issues. Treatment focuses on sodium restriction and hydration, avoiding dietary calcium, with hydrochlorothiazide for severe cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Metabolic Bone Disease
  • Urolithiasis

Context:

  • Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHU) is a primary cause of nephrolithiasis and hematuria in children.
  • IHU is linked to osteoporosis development in adults.
  • Diagnostic criteria for elevated calcium excretion are age-dependent.

Purpose:

  • To review the mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of idiopathic hypercalciuria in childhood.
  • To discuss current and evolving therapeutic strategies for IHU.
  • To explore the molecular basis of hypercalciuric syndromes.

Summary:

  • Diagnosis relies on age-specific values and urinary calcium/creatinine ratios (>0.6 mmol/mmol).
  • Dietary calcium restriction is contraindicated; sodium restriction and high fluid intake are recommended.
  • Hydrochlorothiazide, potassium citrate, and magnesium citrate are treatment options for recurrent cases.

Impact:

  • Revised treatment guidelines emphasize hydration and sodium restriction over calcium restriction.
  • Understanding molecular mechanisms may lead to genome-based classification of hypercalciuric syndromes.
  • Early diagnosis and management of IHU can prevent long-term complications like osteoporosis.

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