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[Effect of fat distribution on risk]

H Toplak1

  • 1Ambulanz für Diabetes und Stoffwechsel, Medizinischen Universitätsklinik Graz. hermann.toplak@kfunigraz.ac.at

Acta Medica Austriaca
|January 8, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Obesity is a disease, not just a cosmetic issue. While body mass index (BMI) relates to joint problems, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is a better indicator of risks like cardiovascular events and early death.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Historically, obesity was viewed as a cosmetic concern in Austria, contrasting with the World Health Organization's (WHO) classification of obesity as a distinct disease.
  • Overweight and obesity are significant public health issues with widespread health implications.
  • Understanding the nuances of fat distribution is crucial for accurate risk assessment.

Purpose:

  • To differentiate the health risks associated with general overweight (measured by Body Mass Index, BMI) versus abdominal obesity (indicated by waist-to-hip ratio, WHR).
  • To highlight the association between abdominal fat distribution and metabolic disturbances.
  • To emphasize that not all overweight individuals face the same health risks.

Summary:

  • While Body Mass Index (BMI) correlates with conditions like joint and spine issues, macrovascular events (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular) and premature mortality are more strongly linked to waist-to-hip ratio (WHR).
  • Abdominal fat distribution (android pattern) is associated with increased insulin levels, dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, and impaired glucose metabolism, contributing to the metabolic syndrome.
  • The study concludes that there is no 'healthy overweight' category, and risk varies significantly among overweight individuals based on fat distribution.

Impact:

  • Shifts the perspective on obesity from a cosmetic issue to a serious disease with distinct risk factors.
  • Promotes a more personalized approach to managing overweight and obesity based on fat distribution and associated metabolic risks.
  • Informs public health strategies and clinical practice regarding the assessment and management of obesity and its complications.

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