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Arginase is inoperative in developing soybean embryos

A Goldraij1, J C Polacco

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, 117 Schweitzer Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.

Plant Physiology
|January 8, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Soybean embryos suppress arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) activity during development, preventing urea production. Arginase expression and activity increase significantly upon germination, primarily in cotyledons, to support seedling growth.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) plays a crucial role in nitrogen metabolism.
  • Understanding arginase regulation in soybean (Glycine max L.) is vital for seed development and germination processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transcript level and activity of arginase in soybean embryos during development and germination.
  • To elucidate the role of arginase in nitrogen metabolism and urea production in soybean.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative analysis of arginase transcript levels using a cDNA probe.
  • Measurement of in vitro arginase specific activity.
  • Assay of in vivo arginase activity by measuring urea accumulation in urease-deficient mutants.
  • Culturing of soybean cotyledons to assess arginine metabolism.

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Main Results:

  • No arginase transcript was detected in developing soybean embryos.
  • Arginase transcripts and activity increased sharply during germination, peaking at 3-5 days post-germination.
  • Low arginase activity in developing embryos was insufficient to hydrolyze free arginine, preventing urea cycle activation.
  • Urea accumulation in germinating seedlings paralleled arginase transcript and activity levels.

Conclusions:

  • Soybean embryos maintain low arginase activity to prevent a futile urea cycle during development.
  • Upregulation of arginase during germination is essential for nitrogen mobilization and seedling establishment.
  • Cotyledons are the primary site of arginase activity in germinating soybean seedlings.