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Related Experiment Videos

ARDS. History, definitions, and physiology

S D Brown1

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, USA.

Respiratory Care Clinics of North America
|January 9, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has a history of clinical description predating its formal 1971 definition. Current criteria define ARDS, a condition triggered by various insults and progressing through distinct pathological phases.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been recognized clinically for over a century, with early descriptions linking pulmonary edema to sepsis or toxic causes.
  • Formal definition of ARDS occurred in 1971, followed by recent international consensus criteria establishing a current standard for diagnosis.
  • The syndrome can be initiated by diverse insults, many of which do not directly target the lung tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) recognition and definition.
  • To outline the established pathological progression of ARDS.
  • To highlight the multifactorial triggers of ARDS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical medical literature and clinical descriptions of pulmonary edema and respiratory failure.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of the evolution of diagnostic criteria for ARDS, including the 1971 definition and recent international consensus.
  • Examination of pathological studies detailing the phases of ARDS.

    • Main Results:

    • Clinical recognition of ARDS predates its formal definition by over 100 years.
    • Current international criteria serve as the accepted standard for ARDS diagnosis.
    • ARDS involves a pathological progression through exudative, proliferative, and fibrotic phases, often triggered by non-pulmonary insults.

    Conclusions:

    • ARDS is a well-established clinical entity with a long history of observation.
    • Standardized diagnostic criteria are crucial for consistent identification and management of ARDS.
    • Understanding the triggers and pathological phases is key to addressing ARDS progression.