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Toxicity of vancomycin on corneal endothelium in rabbits

F D Sandboe1, W Medin, R Bjerknes

  • 1University Eye Department, National Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Abstract

Insights

Vancomycin toxicity to the corneal endothelium was studied. Higher vancomycin concentrations (3.0 and 5.0 mg/ml) caused significant endothelial damage, unlike lower concentrations (1.0 mg/ml).

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Corneal endothelium is crucial for maintaining corneal clarity and function.
  • Vancomycin is an antibiotic used to treat serious bacterial infections, including those affecting the eye.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the toxic effects of varying vancomycin concentrations on corneal endothelial function.
  • To establish a dose-response relationship between vancomycin levels and endothelial toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Rabbit corneas were divided into four groups.
  • Three groups were exposed to vancomycin concentrations of 1.0 mg/ml, 3.0 mg/ml, and 5.0 mg/ml.
  • A weighing method measured endothelial function, comparing exposed corneas to a control group.

Main Results:

  • Vancomycin at 1.0 mg/ml did not significantly alter endothelial function.
  • Significant endothelial weight increase, indicating toxicity, was observed at 3.0 mg/ml and 5.0 mg/ml vancomycin concentrations.
  • A dose-dependent toxicity was evident, with greater damage at 5.0 mg/ml compared to 3.0 mg/ml.

Conclusions:

  • A clear dose-response relationship exists between vancomycin concentration and corneal endothelial toxicity.
  • Vancomycin at 1.0 mg/ml is considered non-toxic to the corneal endothelium.
  • Concentrations of 3.0 mg/ml and 5.0 mg/ml of vancomycin progressively impair corneal endothelial function.

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