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Related Experiment Videos

Forebrain pathways mediating stress-induced hormone secretion

L D Van de Kar1, M L Blair

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Loyola University of Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, Illinois, 60153, USA. lvandek@luc.edu

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
|January 12, 1999
PubMed
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Stressors trigger hormone release via neural circuits. Different stressors activate distinct pathways for hormones like renin, oxytocin, and prolactin, influencing survival mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Exposure to hostile conditions, termed stressors, initiates the secretion of stress hormones for survival.
  • Stressors are categorized into external (pain/discomfort), internal (homeostatic disturbances), and psychological (perceived danger).
  • Stress hormone secretion is regulated by neural circuits influencing the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and kidneys.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review forebrain circuits mediating neuroendocrine responses to various stressors.
  • To emphasize less-studied stress-sensitive hormones: renin, oxytocin, and prolactin.
  • To discuss the impact of anxiolytic drugs on neuroendocrine stress responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neuroendocrine stress responses.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of neural pathways involved in psychological stress (e.g., conditioned fear).
  • Examination of neuroendocrine responses to cardiovascular challenges like hemorrhage.

    • Main Results:

    • Psychological stressors activate amygdala and hypothalamic pathways, influencing hormone release.
    • The renin response to psychological stress differs from ACTH and prolactin, not involving the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and unaffected by benzodiazepines.
    • Hemorrhage triggers similar neuroendocrine patterns to psychological stress, but forebrain pathways may not be essential for the renin response.

    Conclusions:

    • Diverse stressors elicit similar increases in hormones like ACTH, renin, prolactin, and oxytocin.
    • Specific neural circuits and neurotransmitter systems vary for each neuroendocrine system and stressor category.
    • Understanding these distinct pathways is crucial for comprehending stress adaptation and therapeutic interventions.