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Body-image perceptions across sex and age groups

S Cullari1, J M Rohrer, C Bahm

  • 1Psychology Department, Lebanon Valley College, Annville, PA 17003, USA. Cullari@lvc.edu

Perceptual and Motor Skills
|January 13, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Body image concerns, including weight and body dissatisfaction, are present in adolescents and young adults. Females reported higher body dissatisfaction than males, particularly in older groups, with body-image distortion linked to ideal weight in college students.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Body Image Research

Background:

  • Body dissatisfaction and weight concerns are prevalent issues affecting mental well-being.
  • Understanding developmental trajectories of body image is crucial for intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine sex differences in weight dissatisfaction, body dissatisfaction, and body-image distortion across different age groups.
  • To explore the relationship between body image and self-confidence in young adults.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized self-report questionnaires (Piers-Harris Self-concept Scale, Kids Eating Disorder Survey, Interpersonal Behavior Survey, mistaken beliefs scale).
  • Employed a figure-drawing procedure to assess body dissatisfaction and body-image distortion.
  • Sample included 98 fifth and eighth graders and 57 undergraduate students.

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Main Results:

  • Significant sex differences in weight and body dissatisfaction were observed in eighth graders and undergraduates, with females reporting higher levels.
  • No significant sex differences in body-image distortion were found in younger groups, but adult males and females differed.
  • Body-image distortion in college students aligned with their ideal weight, and a correlation between body dissatisfaction and self-confidence existed for women.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescence and young adulthood are critical periods for the development of body image concerns.
  • Gender plays a significant role in body dissatisfaction, with females experiencing it more intensely.
  • Body image perceptions, distortion, and self-confidence are interconnected, particularly in young women.