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Related Experiment Videos

Muscle quality. I. Age-associated differences between arm and leg muscle groups

N A Lynch1, E J Metter, R S Lindle

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, Maryland.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|January 14, 1999
PubMed
Summary

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Muscle quality (MQ) is higher in arms than legs and declines with age differently in men and women. Leg MQ declines more in older women, while arm MQ declines faster in older men.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Muscle Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Muscle quality (MQ) is a critical indicator of physical function and healthspan.
  • Understanding age- and sex-related differences in MQ is essential for targeted interventions.
  • Previous research has not comprehensively compared arm and leg MQ across the adult lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differences in arm and leg muscle quality (MQ) across the adult lifespan in men and women.
  • To analyze how concentric (Con) and eccentric (Ecc) peak torque (PT) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (MM) contribute to these differences.
  • To determine the influence of age and gender on MQ in different muscle groups.

Main Methods:

  • Measured Con and Ecc peak torque (PT) in 703 adults (19-93 years).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Determined appendicular skeletal muscle mass (MM) in arm and leg for 502 subjects.
  • Utilized regression analysis to define and compare muscle quality (MQ = PT/MM) across groups.

    • Main Results:

    • Arm MQ was significantly higher (~30%) than leg MQ in both genders.
    • In men, arm and leg MQ declined similarly with age.
    • In women, leg MQ declined ~20% more than arm MQ with age; arm MQ decline was steeper in men than women.

    Conclusions:

    • Muscle quality is significantly influenced by age and gender.
    • The impact of aging and sex on MQ varies depending on the muscle group (arm vs. leg) and the type of muscle action (concentric vs. eccentric).
    • These findings highlight the need for sex- and muscle-group-specific considerations in assessing and maintaining muscle health throughout life.