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Crowd physiology: the 'penguin effect'
1Division of Applied Biological Sciences, St Bartholomew School of Nursing and Midwifery, City University, London, UK.
Accident and Emergency Nursing
|January 15, 1999
Abstract:
The effects of heat retention on an individual in a crowd situation (the 'penguin effect') is introduced and described, with implications for the emergency services and the potential casualties themselves discussed. Management of anyone who collapses in the core of a crowd should involve much more than first-aid treatment for fainting. Some people may die from the effect.