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Calcipotriol toxicity in a dog
T M Fan1, K W Simpson, S Trasti
1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14583, USA.
The Journal of Small Animal Practice
|January 15, 1999
Summary
A Labrador retriever experienced acute toxicity after ingesting calcipotriol, a vitamin D analogue. This led to hypercalcemia, organ damage, and ultimately euthanasia, highlighting the dangers of topical vitamin D toxicity in dogs.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Toxicology
- Dermatology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Vitamin D analogues are used topically for psoriasis treatment in humans.
- Accidental ingestion of these potent compounds can pose a risk to pets.
Observation:
- A six-month-old Labrador retriever presented with acute polyuria, polydipsia, and hematemesis six hours post-ingestion of topical calcipotriol.
- The dog developed transient hypercalcemia, azotaemia, proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, and ventricular arrhythmias.
- Abdominal ultrasonography and echocardiography showed diffuse soft tissue mineralization.
Findings:
- Necropsy confirmed widespread organ system mineralization and necrosis.
- The pathological findings were consistent with severe vitamin D toxicity.
Implications:
- This case underscores the critical importance of secure storage of topical vitamin D analogues to prevent accidental pet ingestion.
- Veterinarians should be aware of the potential for severe systemic toxicity from calcipotriol exposure in dogs.
- Prompt recognition and intensive supportive care are crucial, though outcomes can be poor.