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Mixed genotypes infection with hepatitis D virus

J C Wu1, I A Huang, Y H Huang

  • 1Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. jcwu@vghtpe.gov.tw

Journal of Medical Virology
|January 16, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Mixed genotypes of Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection occur in humans, particularly in prostitutes. This study found co-infection with HDV genotypes IIa/IIb and I/II, highlighting viral heterogeneity.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomic heterogeneity facilitates immune escape.
  • Superinfection or mixed infection with different HCV genotypes is common in humans.
  • Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is classified into three genotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence of mixed HDV genotypes infection in humans.
  • To determine the prevalence and characteristics of HDV mixed infections.

Main Methods:

  • HDV genotyping using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).
  • Screening of 60-99 HDV clones per case from 7 prostitutes and 11 patients.
  • Confirmation of mixed infections by sequencing and analysis of nucleotide sequence heterogeneity.

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Main Results:

  • Mixed HDV infections were diagnosed in 5 prostitutes (genotypes IIa and IIb) and 2 patients (genotypes I and II).
  • Nucleotide sequence heterogeneity was <2% within a subject but 27.7% (I/II) and 22.8% (IIa/IIb) between genotypes.
  • One spouse of an index case also showed mixed infection, suggesting transmission.
  • The minor strain in mixed infections represented <10% of the analyzed population.

Conclusions:

  • Mixed genotypes infection of HDV occurs in humans, with a higher prevalence in prostitutes.
  • HDV exhibits genomic heterogeneity, enabling mixed infections.
  • Further research is needed to understand the clinical implications of mixed HDV infections.