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Systemic amyloidosis and the gastrointestinal tract
1Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
|January 19, 1999
Summary
Systemic amyloidosis, a condition caused by various diseases, often affects the gastrointestinal tract uniquely. This review details the diagnosis and treatment of five systemic amyloidoses impacting the GI system.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Internal Medicine
- Pathology
Background:
- Systemic amyloidosis frequently involves the gastrointestinal tract.
- Different types of amyloidosis exhibit distinct gastrointestinal manifestations.
- Gastrointestinal involvement significantly impacts patient prognosis and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathogenesis, gastrointestinal disposition, diagnosis, and treatment of five major systemic amyloidoses.
- To highlight the unique gastrointestinal impact of each amyloidosis type.
- To discuss specific gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and familial Mediterranean fever, as causes of systemic amyloidosis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of systemic amyloidoses and their gastrointestinal manifestations.
- Analysis of pathogenesis and patterns of gastrointestinal deposition for each amyloid type.
- Synthesis of current diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies.
Main Results:
- Each of the five systemic amyloidoses (e.g., AL, AA, ATTR, AH, ALECT2) presents unique gastrointestinal symptoms and findings.
- Gastrointestinal amyloid deposition can lead to a wide spectrum of complications, including malabsorption, obstruction, and bleeding.
- Inflammatory bowel disease and familial Mediterranean fever are significant underlying causes of certain systemic amyloidoses.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the specific gastrointestinal involvement of each systemic amyloidosis is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
- Tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are necessary for managing gastrointestinal complications.
- Early recognition of systemic amyloidosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease or familial Mediterranean fever is essential.
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