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Intracellular pathogens and the actin cytoskeleton

S Dramsi1, P Cossart

  • 1Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
|January 19, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Pathogens hijack the actin cytoskeleton for cell entry and intracellular movement, forming actin tails. Studying these pathogen strategies offers insights into cellular actin rearrangements.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Pathogens frequently manipulate host cell actin cytoskeleton for invasion and intracellular motility.
  • Actin rearrangements are crucial for the entry of various bacteria (e.g., Listeria, Salmonella, Shigella) into mammalian cells.
  • Some intracellular pathogens and viruses utilize actin polymerization to generate movement within the host cell cytoplasm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how pathogens exploit the actin cytoskeleton during different stages of infection.
  • To highlight the common mechanisms and specific factors involved in pathogen-induced actin rearrangements.
  • To emphasize the utility of pathogens as model systems for studying cellular actin dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pathogen-host cell interactions.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of actin cytoskeleton manipulation by various microorganisms.
  • Comparison of pathogen-driven actin dynamics with cellular processes like cell migration.

Main Results:

  • Pathogens utilize actin cytoskeleton for both cellular entry and intracellular movement.
  • Bacterial and viral entry mechanisms, while involving actin, are pathogen-specific.
  • Intracellular pathogens form actin tails through polarized actin polymerization for motility.
  • Pathogen-induced actin dynamics resemble cellular processes at the leading edge of migrating cells.

Conclusions:

  • Pathogens are versatile exploiters of the host actin cytoskeleton.
  • Studying pathogen interactions provides valuable insights into fundamental cell biology processes.
  • Pathogen systems offer tractable models for investigating actin dynamics in response to cellular stimuli.

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