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Declarative and procedural memory functioning in abstinent cocaine abusers

W G van Gorp1, J N Wilkins, C H Hinkin

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Archives of General Psychiatry
|January 19, 1999
PubMed
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Cocaine abuse impairs nonverbal declarative memory for 45 days. However, cocaine abusers show improved motor learning skills compared to controls during abstinence.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Cocaine abuse is associated with cognitive deficits.
  • Understanding memory recovery after cocaine abstinence is crucial for treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate procedural and declarative memory functioning in cocaine abusers during 45 days of abstinence.
  • To compare memory recovery between cocaine abusers and control subjects.

Main Methods:

  • 37 cocaine abusers and 27 controls completed memory and mood assessments over 4 visits within 45 days of abstinence.
  • Tests included the California Verbal Learning Test, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test recall, Pursuit Rotor Task, and Profile of Mood States.

Main Results:

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  • Cocaine abusers showed lasting deficits in nonverbal declarative memory (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test recall) compared to controls.
  • Both groups improved on verbal learning (California Verbal Learning Test), with no significant group differences.
  • Cocaine abusers demonstrated faster initial improvement and sustained learning on the motor task (Pursuit Rotor Task) compared to controls.

    • Conclusions:

    • A 45-day abstinence period reveals persistent negative effects on nonverbal declarative memory in cocaine-dependent individuals.
    • Abstinence from cocaine is associated with enhanced motor learning abilities relative to controls over the same period.