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Repeating words in spontaneous speech

H H Clark1, T Wasow

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stanford University, CA 94305-2130, USA.

Cognitive Psychology
|January 20, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Speakers sometimes repeat the first word of phrases, pausing before continuing. This study reveals these speech patterns are influenced by linguistic complexity and planning, not just random disfluencies.

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Speech Production
  • Linguistic Analysis

Background:

  • Spontaneous speech frequently features repetitions, particularly at the beginning of major constituents.
  • These repetitions involve a four-stage process: commitment, suspension, hiatus, and restart.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the underlying principles governing the four stages of speech repetition.
  • To determine if these principles are generalizable beyond specific repetition phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of repeated articles and pronouns in two large corpora of spontaneous speech.
  • Examination of the relationship between constituent complexity and speech suspension.
  • Investigation of the impact of delivery disruption on constituent restarts.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Premature speech commitment and suspension increase with local and containing constituent complexity.
  • Some speech suspensions are pre-planned as preliminary commitments.
  • Constituent restarts are more probable when speech cessation significantly disrupts delivery.

Conclusions:

  • The stages of speech repetition are governed by general linguistic and cognitive principles.
  • These principles are not exclusive to repetitions but apply broadly to speech production.