The trauma response of children and adolescents. Future directions in research

Although trauma research in children lags behind that of adults and is often preliminary or unreplicated, current work promises rich understanding of the neurobiologic and psychologic mechanisms underlying the trauma response of the young. Epidemiologic and longitudinal, prospective, controlled studies sensitive to cultural and developmental differences are needed to illuminate the natural history of posttraumatic stress disorder and to show how trauma and its response interact with family, school, and community factors. Promising profound implications for society, such data would enable mental health professionals, educators, and policy makers to develop standards for prevention, detection, and intervention to optimize children's developmental trajectory.