[Rare pulmonary mycoses in patients with hematologic diseases]

Patients with hematology disease in post-chemotherapy medullary aplasia are susceptible to life-threatening bronchopulmonary mycoses, especially aspergillosis. Other less common pulmonary mycoses are also observed. We report 4 cases due to Penicillium purpurogenum, Acromonium strictum and Scedosporium apiospermum (n = 2) infections. These unusual fungi appear to be emerging as pathogens in this population. They have common ubiquitous, opportunistic and low pathogenicity characteristics in immunocompetent subjects. The major risk factor is neutropenia. Isolating one of these fungi in an immunodepressed patient modifies management protocols since certain unusual fungi such as Scedosporium are resistant to amphotericin B.