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Related Experiment Videos

Differences between mentally retarded and normally intelligent autistic children

L Bartak, M Rutter

    Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia
    |June 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Intellectual functioning significantly impacts autistic children. While core autism symptoms are similar, lower IQ is linked to more self-injury, stereotypies, and poorer outcomes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Psychology
    • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
    • Clinical Psychology

    Background:

    • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition.
    • Intellectual functioning varies widely among autistic individuals.
    • The impact of co-occurring intellectual disability on ASD presentation is not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically compare autistic children with IQ below 70 (intellectual disability) and above 70 (average to above-average IQ).
    • To investigate differences in symptom patterns, associated behaviors, and long-term outcomes between these groups.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative study design.
    • Systematic comparison of autistic children categorized by IQ levels (below 70 vs. above 70).
    • Assessment of core autism symptoms, self-injury, stereotypies, and overall outcome.

    Main Results:

    • Both low and high IQ groups shared core autism phenomena.
    • Significant differences were observed in self-injury and stereotyped behaviors.
    • Major disparities in long-term outcomes were evident between the two groups.

    Conclusions:

    • The presence of intellectual disability influences the manifestation of certain autism-related symptoms.
    • Autism Spectrum Disorder may present differently based on co-occurring intellectual functioning.
    • Future etiological studies of autism should consider intellectual functioning as a critical variable.

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