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Membrane microviscosity and human platelet function

S J Shattil, R A Cooper

    Biochemistry
    |November 2, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    High cholesterol in platelets increases their microviscosity and alters membrane order. This may explain why cholesterol-rich platelets show abnormal sensitivity to aggregation stimuli like epinephrine.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology
    • Membrane Biophysics

    Background:

    • Platelets from type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia patients show increased epinephrine-induced aggregation.
    • Platelet membranes are enriched in cholesterol relative to phospholipid in these patients and in normal platelets incubated with cholesterol.
    • Cholesterol's impact on platelet membrane fluidity and order requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of varying cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratios on platelet membrane fluidity and order.
    • To correlate changes in platelet membrane physical properties with altered aggregation sensitivity.

    Main Methods:

    • Platelets were incubated with cholesterol-lecithin dispersions to alter their cholesterol-to-phospholipid (C/PL) ratio.

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  • Platelet fluidity (microviscosity) was measured using the fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH).
  • Rotational diffusion of DPH, fluorescence polarization, and fluorescence lifetime were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Platelet C/PL directly correlated with microviscosity (eta37); increased C/PL raised eta37, while decreased C/PL lowered it.
    • Cholesterol enrichment increased the order of platelet membranes, indicated by lower flow activation energy (deltaE).
    • Changes in membrane C/PL and eta37 occurred more rapidly in platelet membranes than in granule fractions.

    Conclusions:

    • Cholesterol significantly influences platelet membrane fluidity and the degree of order in the hydrophobic core.
    • Altered physical properties of cholesterol-rich platelet membranes may underlie abnormal aggregation responses.
    • These findings link lipid composition to platelet function and aggregation sensitivity.