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Status of hepatitis B immunization programmes in 1998

M A Kane1

  • 1Expanded Programme on Immunization, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

Vaccine
|January 23, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis B (HB) immunization is now routine in over 90 countries, significantly reducing chronic HB carrier prevalence in infants. Economic factors still limit access in poorer nations.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Public Health
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Hepatitis B (HB) immunization is increasingly integrated into national programs globally.
  • Over 90 countries have adopted routine HB infant and/or adolescent immunization, with more planning introduction.
  • Despite widespread adoption, significant economic disparities persist in vaccine accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the global impact and effectiveness of routine Hepatitis B immunization programs.
  • To analyze trends in chronic Hepatitis B carrier prevalence following widespread vaccination.
  • To identify factors influencing the global adoption and accessibility of Hepatitis B vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of population-based studies on HB immunization with 10-15 years of follow-up.
  • Analysis of global trends in routine immunization program inclusion.
  • Assessment of factors affecting vaccine availability and cost.

Main Results:

  • Routine HB immunization has successfully reduced chronic HB carrier prevalence from high (≥8%) to low (<2%) endemicity in vaccinated infant cohorts.
  • Countries with routine HB immunization cover approximately 45% of newborns, yet host nearly 70% of global HB carriers.
  • Declining vaccine prices, increased production, and combination vaccines improve availability, but economic constraints remain a barrier.

Conclusions:

  • Routine infant Hepatitis B immunization is highly effective in reducing chronic carrier states.
  • Global efforts are needed to overcome economic barriers and ensure equitable access to Hepatitis B vaccines, especially in low-income countries.
  • Continued monitoring and research are essential to optimize global Hepatitis B control strategies.

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