Photodynamic therapy of vulvar lichen sclerosus with 5-aminolevulinic acid

To evaluate the therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy on vulvar lichen sclerosus.

Twelve women with lichen sclerosus were enrolled in a prospective, single-arm pilot study. Four to 5 hours before photodynamic therapy, 10 mL of a 20% solution of 5-aminolevulinic acid was applied topically to the vulva. Photodynamic therapy was administered with an irradiation of 80 J/cm2 at an irradiance of 40-70 mW/cm2. Light with a wavelength of 635 nm was delivered by an argon ion-pumped dye laser. The degree of pruritus was evaluated using a horizontal visual analog scale before and after 6-8 weeks, and patients were followed tri-monthly after photodynamic therapy.

Two women underwent two cycles of photodynamic therapy, one underwent three cycles, and the remaining nine women underwent one cycle each. Treatment was tolerated moderately well, with eight patients not requiring any analgesia; three treated with opioids intravenously during the procedure, due to burning sensations; and one undergoing separation of adhesions under general anesthesia. Minimal local toxicity included vulvar erythema but no necrosis, sloughing, or scarring. No generalized cutaneous photosensitivity was present. Six to 8 weeks after photodynamic therapy, pruritus significantly improved in ten of the 12 women. A prolonged effect of photodynamic therapy was reported, with a mean of 6.1 months.

Photodynamic therapy after topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid produced statistically significant relief of symptoms of vulvar lichen sclerosus for an average of 6.1 months with minimal side effects.