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Hepatitis C: Part I. Routine serologic testing and diagnosis

L A Moyer1, E E Mast, M J Alter

  • 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

American Family Physician
|January 26, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant public health issue in the US, with millions unaware they are infected. Healthcare providers should screen for high-risk behaviors to identify and manage this persistent liver disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents a substantial public health challenge in the United States.
  • HCV is primarily transmitted through percutaneous blood exposure, leading to chronic liver disease in most infected individuals.
  • HCV-associated chronic liver disease causes significant mortality and economic burden annually.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the prevalence and transmission of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the United States.
  • To emphasize the importance of identifying asymptomatic HCV infections.
  • To recommend strategies for primary healthcare professionals in detecting at-risk populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing data on HCV prevalence and transmission in the US.

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  • Analysis of clinical outcomes and economic impact of HCV infection.
  • Assessment of current recommendations for HCV testing and screening.

    • Main Results:

    • An estimated 3.9 million Americans are infected with HCV, with most remaining asymptomatic and unaware of their status.
    • HCV infection leads to chronic hepatitis in 70% of cases, resulting in 8,000-10,000 deaths annually.
    • Current routine testing is limited to high-risk groups, necessitating broader screening approaches.

    Conclusions:

    • Primary healthcare providers should inquire about high-risk practices for HCV transmission.
    • Identifying asymptomatic individuals is crucial for managing the public health impact of HCV.
    • Enhanced screening strategies are needed to address the significant burden of Hepatitis C in the US.