Differential prediction of maladjustment scores with the Snyder Hope subscales

The present study examined the relation between two Synder Hope subscales (Agency: goal motivation; Pathways: goal planning) and adjustment problems (a composite of seven MMPI-2 clinical scales). Each of 354 university students completed both the Hope Scale and the MMPI-2. Whereas scores on Hope, Agency, and Pathways subscales were each negatively related to the maladjustment composite score, the relation was significantly stronger for the Agency than for the Pathways subscale. For individual clinical scales, the Agency subscale offered better prediction than the Pathways subscale for all selected clinical scales except Hysteria and Psychopathic Deviate. The Agency subscale also offered better prediction than the Hope Scale for Psychaesthenia and Schizophrenia. Applications for health professionals and directions for research are discussed.