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Suicide attempts preceding completed suicide

E T Isometsä1, J K Lönnqvist

  • 1Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. erkki.isometsa@ktl.fi

The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
|February 2, 1999
PubMed
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Most suicides occur during the first attempt, highlighting the need for early suicide risk recognition, especially in males. Recent non-fatal attempts are crucial for identifying high-risk females. Suicide method switching is common.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Investigated suicide attempt history, time intervals, and method switching.
  • Examined implications for suicide prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Assess the predictive value of prior suicide attempts for fatal outcomes.
  • Analyze the time course between suicide attempts.
  • Determine the frequency of suicide method switching.

Main Methods:

  • Nationwide psychological autopsy study in Finland (1987-1988).
  • Examined lifetime suicide attempt history and methods used by 1397 suicide victims.

Main Results:

  • 56% of victims died during their first suicide attempt (62% males, 38% females).

Related Experiment Videos

  • 19% of males and 39% of females had a recent non-fatal attempt.
  • 82% of victims with previous attempts used multiple methods.

    • Conclusions:

    • Early recognition of suicide risk is critical, particularly for males dying on their first attempt.
    • Recent non-fatal attempts are key indicators for female suicide prevention.
    • Method switching is common, complicating the effectiveness of restricting access to specific lethal means.