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Moxidectin as an endectocide in reindeer

A Oksanen1, M Nieminen

  • 1National Veterinary and Food Research Institute, Regional Laboratory Oulu, Finland. Antti.Oksanen@veths.no

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
|February 2, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Ivermectin effectively treated reindeer parasites like warbles and throat bots, while moxidectin showed moderate efficacy. Both drugs controlled gastrointestinal nematode eggs, but moxidectin is not recommended as a reindeer endectocide.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Wildlife Health
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) are susceptible to various endoparasites and ectoparasites.
  • Effective parasite control is crucial for reindeer health and productivity in Arctic regions.
  • Endectocides are vital for managing both internal and external parasites in livestock and wildlife.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of moxidectin and ivermectin against natural parasite infections in reindeer.
  • To evaluate the impact of these treatments on parasite burdens, weight gain, and calf birth weights.
  • To determine the suitability of moxidectin as an endectocide for reindeer.

Main Methods:

  • 42 naturally infected reindeer hinds were divided into three groups: control, moxidectin-treated, and ivermectin-treated.
  • Treatments were administered subcutaneously at a dose of 200 µg/kg.
  • Efficacy was assessed via monthly fecal egg counts for nematodes and spring counts of warbles (Hypoderma tarandi) and throat bots (Cephenemyia trompe).

Main Results:

  • Ivermectin achieved 100% efficacy against warbles and throat bots, surpassing moxidectin's 92.8% and 70.8% efficacy, respectively.
  • Both moxidectin and ivermectin demonstrated high efficacy against gastrointestinal trichostrongylid egg production from December to May.
  • No significant differences in weight development or calf birth weights were observed between the treatment groups.

Conclusions:

  • Ivermectin is highly effective against key reindeer ectoparasites and endoparasites.
  • Moxidectin exhibits moderate efficacy against ectoparasites, limiting its recommendation as a broad-spectrum endectocide for reindeer.
  • Further research may be needed to optimize endectocide use in reindeer populations.

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