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Exercise training guidelines for the elderly

W J Evans1

  • 1Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72114, USA. evanswilliamj@exchange.uams.edu

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|February 2, 1999
PubMed
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High-intensity resistance training significantly improves strength and function in frail, institutionalized elderly individuals. This exercise intervention can help reverse physical frailty and enhance overall well-being in the oldest populations.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Older adults, even the very elderly, can adapt to increased physical activity.
  • Aerobic exercise improves functional capacity and reduces Type II diabetes risk in the elderly.
  • High-intensity resistance training (RT) increases strength, muscle size, energy requirements, and insulin action in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of RT on risk factors for osteoporotic fracture in sedentary postmenopausal women.
  • To apply a high-intensity RT program to frail, institutionalized elderly men and women to counteract muscle function loss due to sedentary lifestyles.

Main Methods:

  • A high-intensity strength-training program was implemented.
  • The program was applied to frail, institutionalized elderly individuals.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Activity monitors were used to measure spontaneous physical activity.

    • Main Results:

    • A high-intensity strength-training program resulted in significant gains in strength and functional status in 100 nursing home residents.
    • Spontaneous physical activity increased significantly in the exercise group, with no change in the sedentary control group.
    • Pre-intervention, muscle mass was an important, but not the sole, determinant of functional status in the very old.

    Conclusions:

    • Exercise can minimize or reverse physical frailty in the elderly.
    • The elderly, due to low functional status and high chronic disease rates, stand to benefit most from exercise interventions.