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Levels of major selenoproteins in T cells decrease during HIV infection and low molecular mass selenium compounds

V N Gladyshev1, T C Stadtman, D L Hatfield

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA. vng@unlinfo2.unl.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 3, 1999
PubMed
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HIV infection reduces key selenium-containing proteins, including glutathione peroxidase, impacting patient survival. This study quantifies these selenoprotein deficiencies in infected T cells, highlighting a critical aspect of HIV pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • HIV infection is linked to reduced plasma selenium and glutathione levels.
  • Decreased glutathione peroxidase activity correlates with lower survival rates in AIDS patients.
  • Selenoprotein levels are known to be affected in various disease states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the levels of specific selenium-containing proteins in HIV-infected human T cells.
  • To identify and quantify the major selenoproteins affected by HIV infection.
  • To explore the accumulation of low molecular mass selenium compounds during HIV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 75Se-labeled human Jurkat T cells for tracking selenium.
  • Employed SDS/PAGE electrophoresis to separate and analyze selenoproteins.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Conducted immunoblot assays to identify specific glutathione peroxidase subunits (cGPX/GPX1 and PHGPX/GPX4).

    • Main Results:

    • Four major 75Se-containing proteins (57, 26, 21, and 15 kDa) were found at lower levels in HIV-infected cells compared to uninfected cells.
    • The 26- and 21-kDa proteins were identified as glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) subunits.
    • Low molecular mass [75Se]compounds accumulated in HIV-infected cells, distinct from the major selenoproteins.

    Conclusions:

    • HIV infection leads to a significant decrease in crucial selenoproteins within T cells.
    • The identified selenoproteins (thioredoxin reductase subunit, GPX1, GPX4) are diminished during HIV infection.
    • Accumulation of other selenium compounds suggests altered selenium metabolism in HIV-infected cells.