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Aging: phenomena and theories

D Harman1

  • 1University of Nebraska College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Omaha 68198-4635, USA. dharman@unmc.edu

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|February 3, 1999
PubMed
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Aging is the accumulation of adverse changes, with the inborn aging process becoming the primary risk factor for death after age 28. Understanding aging mechanisms is key to extending healthy human lifespan.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biomedical Sciences
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Aging is characterized by accumulating adverse changes, increasing mortality risk from various factors including intrinsic aging.
  • Physiological age, measured by the chance of death at a given age, reflects accumulated aging changes and their rate.
  • In developed nations, near-optimal living conditions reveal intrinsic aging as the dominant factor influencing lifespan beyond age 28.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define aging as an accumulation of adverse changes and its relationship with mortality risk.
  • To analyze the impact of intrinsic aging on lifespan, particularly after age 28.
  • To contextualize aging theories within the goal of extending healthy human lifespan.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mortality data and age-related death rates.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Modeling the relationship between living conditions, aging changes, and lifespan.
  • Review and synthesis of existing aging theories.

    • Main Results:

    • The inborn aging process emerges as the major risk factor for disease and death after approximately age 28.
    • In developed countries, average life expectancy is limited to around 85 years, with intrinsic aging accounting for the difference from the theoretical maximum.
    • The aging process dictates an exponentially increasing death rate, limiting human lifespan to around 122 years.

    Conclusions:

    • The intrinsic aging process is a fundamental determinant of human lifespan and mortality.
    • Further research into aging mechanisms is crucial for interventions aimed at increasing healthspan.
    • Theories of aging that promote practical goals for extending healthy life will be most enduring.