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Osmol gaps in the pediatric population

K K McQuillen1, A C Anderson

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, USA. mcquik@mail.mmc.org

Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
|February 3, 1999
PubMed
Summary

This study determined the normal osmol gap (OG) range in pediatric emergency department (ED) patients. The findings indicate a consistent OG range of approximately 22 mOsm across different calculation methods for children.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Diagnostic Markers

Background:

  • The osmol gap (OG) is a critical diagnostic parameter.
  • Establishing a precise normal range for OG in pediatric populations is essential for accurate clinical interpretation.
  • Existing data on pediatric OG ranges are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the normal osmol gap (OG) range in pediatric emergency department (ED) patients.
  • To evaluate different equations for calculating OG in children.

Main Methods:

  • A blinded, observational study of 192 pediatric patients in an urban ED.
  • Serum electrolytes, BUN, glucose, and osmolality were measured.
  • Osmol gap was calculated using three established equations.

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Main Results:

  • The study included 192 children (median age 6.6 years).
  • Mean measured osmolality was 284.2 mOsm/dL (range 265-311 mOsm/dL).
  • Mean osmol gaps varied depending on the calculation equation used.

Conclusions:

  • The normal osmol gap range in pediatric patients is approximately 22 mOsm.
  • This range is consistent regardless of the specific calculation equation employed.
  • Provides a standardized reference for pediatric OG interpretation in the ED.