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Odorant-binding proteins: structural aspects

P Pelosi1

  • 1Istituto di Industrie Agrarie, University of Pisa, Italy. ppelosi@agr.unipi.it

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|February 4, 1999
PubMed
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Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) in vertebrates and insects share structural insights, aiding in odor discrimination. While vertebrate OBPs are lipocalins, insect OBPs possess unique structures, with ligand-binding sites identified in some cases.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are soluble proteins found in the perireceptor areas of vertebrates and insects.
  • They interact with odor molecules and pheromones, but their precise physiological function remains uncertain.
  • Structural data for OBPs is abundant, providing insights into their potential roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss the available structural data on OBPs from both vertebrates and insects.
  • To explore the identified subclasses of OBPs based on amino acid sequences.
  • To compare the structural characteristics and potential functions of OBPs across different species.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing structural data on OBPs.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of complete amino acid sequences to identify subclasses.
  • Comparison of structural models, including beta-barrel and alpha-helix motifs.
  • Identification of ligand-binding residues using photoaffinity label analogues.

    • Main Results:

    • Vertebrate OBPs belong to the lipocalin family, involved in pheromone delivery.
    • Insect OBPs exhibit no significant similarity to other known protein classes.
    • The three-dimensional structure of bovine OBP is a beta-barrel.
    • A model for insect OBPs, primarily featuring alpha-helix motifs, has been proposed.
    • Specific amino acid residues involved in ligand binding have been identified in some OBPs.

    Conclusions:

    • Structural information on OBPs is extensive and accurate, despite functional uncertainty.
    • The identified subclasses and structural differences suggest a role for OBPs in odor discrimination.
    • Comparative structural analysis highlights the distinct evolutionary paths of OBPs in vertebrates and insects.