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Amikacin in obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal infections: laboratory and clinical studies

T Mazzei, M Paradiso, I Nicoletti

    The Journal of Infectious Diseases
    |November 1, 1976
    PubMed

    Insights

    Amikacin demonstrates significant activity against urinary pathogens, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It shows a high cure rate for urinary tract infections and is well-tolerated, though excretion is slower in patients with impaired renal function.

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Nephrology

    Background:

    • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, often caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
    • Antibiotic resistance necessitates evaluation of existing and novel therapeutic agents.
    • Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the in vitro activity of amikacin against clinical urinary isolates.
    • To assess the efficacy and safety of amikacin in treating UTIs.
    • To investigate amikacin pharmacokinetics in patients with renal dysfunction and in newborns.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro susceptibility testing of amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin against clinical urinary pathogens.
    • Clinical trial evaluating amikacin treatment for UTIs.
    • Pharmacokinetic analysis of amikacin in patients with varying renal function and in neonates.
    • Safety assessment including audiometry and nystagmography.

    Main Results:

    • Amikacin exhibited activity against Salmonella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter, Proteus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
    • Amikacin was the most active agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa among tested antibiotics.
    • A 91% cure rate was observed in patients treated for UTIs.
    • Amikacin half-life was prolonged in patients with compromised renal function and in newborns.
    • No significant adverse effects or laboratory abnormalities were noted; minimal vestibular dysfunction in elderly patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Amikacin is effective against a range of urinary pathogens, including P. aeruginosa.
    • Amikacin offers a high cure rate for UTIs with a favorable safety profile.
    • Dosage adjustments are necessary for patients with impaired renal function and neonates due to altered excretion rates.

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