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Roe v Wade and American fertility

P B Levine1, D Staiger, T J Kane

  • 1Department of Economics, Wellesley College, MA 02181, USA. plevine@wellesley.edu

American Journal of Public Health
|February 9, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Abortion legalization significantly reduced fertility rates by 4% in the US. Legalization particularly impacted births to teens, older women, non-White, and unmarried women.

Area of Science:

  • Demography
  • Public Health
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Fertility rates are influenced by various socioeconomic and policy factors.
  • The legalization of abortion represents a significant policy shift with potential demographic consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of abortion legalization on fertility rates in the United States.
  • To analyze differential effects across demographic subgroups.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of fertility rates over time.
  • Examination of states with varying timelines for abortion legalization.

Main Results:

  • States legalizing abortion saw a 4% decrease in fertility compared to those without changes.
Keywords:
Empirical ApproachGenetics and ReproductionLegal ApproachRoe v. Wade

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  • Substantial reductions in births were observed among teens, women over 35, non-White women, and unmarried women.
  • An estimated 11% birth rate reduction was projected if interstate travel for abortions was negligible.

    • Conclusions:

    • Nationwide abortion recriminalization could lead to approximately 440,000 additional births annually.
    • Reversal of Roe v. Wade with some state-level legal exceptions would mitigate the birth rate increase due to interstate travel for abortions.