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Levamisole and interleukin-2 for advanced malignancy

R F Holcombe1, A Li, R M Stewart

  • 1Department of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology and the Center for Excellence in Cancer Research, Treatment and Education, LSU Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA. rholcomb@uci.edu

Biotherapy (Dordrecht, Netherlands)
|February 9, 1999
PubMed
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Levamisole (LMS) combined with interleukin-2 (IL2) showed limited clinical success in advanced cancers. While LMS temporarily reduced immune-suppressing sIL2R levels, the combination did not improve patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Immunotherapy
  • Cancer Treatment
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Interleukin-2 (IL2) and levamisole (LMS) are immune modulators with potential anti-tumor activity.
  • IL2 stimulates T-cells and NK cells; LMS boosts NK and T-cell activity.
  • Previous studies showed LMS efficacy with 5FU in Stage III colon cancer.

Observation:

  • Four patients with advanced malignancies received weekly LMS followed by IL2.
  • Serum soluble IL2 receptor (sIL2R) and interferon-gamma were monitored.
  • All patients experienced disease progression; toxicity was minimal.

Findings:

  • sIL2R levels increased over time in 3/4 patients, indicating sustained immune stimulation.
  • Short-term LMS treatment significantly decreased sIL2R levels (p=0.001).

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  • The LMS/IL2 combination was not clinically effective at the tested dose and schedule.

    • Implications:

    • LMS may enhance IL2 efficacy by reducing inhibitory sIL2R levels.
    • Further investigation of LMS/IL2 combinations as synergistic anti-cancer agents is warranted.
    • The study highlights the complex interplay of immune modulators in cancer therapy.