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Oral lesions in children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection

O Nicolatou1, M Theodoridou, G Mostrou

  • 1Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Greece.

Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology
|February 9, 1999
PubMed

Insights

Oral candidiasis is common in vertically HIV-infected children, often progressing to more severe forms. Recurrent infections may involve resistant Candida strains.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Oral Medicine
  • Virology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can lead to various oral manifestations in children.
  • Oral lesions, particularly candidiasis, are indicators of immune status in HIV-infected individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence and progression of oral lesions in vertically HIV-infected children over a one-year period.
  • To identify common oral lesions and their association with HIV infection stages.

Main Methods:

  • A one-year prospective follow-up study of 15 vertically HIV-infected children (aged 2-12 years).
  • Weekly to monthly clinical examinations to record oral lesions.
  • Microbiological analysis to isolate Candida species in recurrent cases.

Main Results:

  • Oral candidiasis (OC) was prevalent, affecting nine children at baseline.
  • Erythematous OC was most frequent, with some cases progressing to pseudomembranous OC.
  • Other lesions included cheilitis, herpes-zoster, hairy leukoplakia, and necrotic lingual ulcers.
  • Recurrent OC cases sometimes involved selectively resistant Candida clones.

Conclusions:

  • Erythematous oral candidiasis is a frequent oral HIV-related lesion in children and can progress to pseudomembranous forms.
  • The presence of other oral lesions alongside candidiasis warrants further investigation.
  • Recurrent candidiasis may be associated with resistant Candida strains, highlighting the need for monitoring.

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