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Visual development in preterm and full-term infants: a prospective masked study

S Weinacht¹, C Kind, J S Mönting

¹Department of Strabismus and Neuro-Ophthalmology, Kantonsspital Street Gallen, Switzerland.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

|February 9, 1999

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Preterm infants show delayed visual development compared to full-term infants when measured by postnatal age. However, visual acuity and binocular vision develop similarly when assessed by postmenstrual age.

Area of Science:

Developmental Pediatrics
Ophthalmology
Neonatology

Background:

Infant visual development is crucial for cognitive and motor skills.
Preterm infants may experience altered visual maturation due to their early birth.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare visual acuity and binocular vision development in preterm versus full-term infants.
To investigate the impact of gestational age on early visual milestones.

Main Methods:

Prospective study of healthy full-term and low-risk preterm infants.
Biweekly assessments of ocular alignment, convergence, fusion, grating acuity, and optokinetic nystagmus (OKN).
Testers were masked to infant's gestational age.

Main Results:

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Full-term infants achieved visual milestones earlier than preterm infants at the same postnatal age.
No significant differences in visual development were observed when comparing preterm and full-term infants at the same postmenstrual age.
Preterm infants' additional visual experience did not alter early visual development when measured from conception.

Conclusions:

Visual development, including acuity and binocular vision, is comparable between preterm and full-term infants when corrected for postmenstrual age.
Postmenstrual age is a more accurate measure for comparing visual development than postnatal age in the early months of life.