Disparate effects of three types of extracellular acidosis on left ventricular function

Effects of acidosis on muscle contractile function have been studied extensively. However, the relative effects of different types of extracellular acidosis on left ventricular (LV) contractile function, especially the temporal features of contraction, have not been investigated in a single model. We constituted perfusion buffers of identical ionic composition, including Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]), to mimic physiological control condition (pH 7.40) and three types of acidosis with pH of 7.03: inorganic (IA), respiratory (RA), and lactic (LA). Isolated rabbit hearts (n = 9) were perfused with acidotic buffers chosen at random, each preceded by the control buffer. Under steady-state conditions, instantaneous LV pressure (Pv) and volume (Vv) were recorded for a range of Vv. The results were as follows. 1) LV passive (end-diastolic) elastance increased with IA and RA. However, this increase may not be a direct effect of acidosis; it can be explained on the basis of myocardial turgor. 2) Although LV inotropic state (peak active Pv and elastance) was depressed by all three acidotic buffers, the magnitude of inotropic depression was significantly less for LA. 3) Temporal features of Pv were altered differently. Whereas IA and RA reduced time to peak Pv (tmax) and hastened isovolumic relaxation at a common level of LV wall stress, LA significantly increased tmax and retarded relaxation. These results and a model-based interpretation suggest that cooperative feedback (i.e., force-activation interaction) plays an important role in acidosis-induced changes in LV contractile function. Furthermore, it is proposed that LA-induced responses comprise two components, one due to intracellular acidosis and the other due to pH-independent effects of lactate ions.