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[Allergy to dust mites]
1Lunge- og allergiklinikken, Frederiksberg Hospital.
Abstract:
House dust mites are the most important indoor allergens in our region. During recent years more dwellings have become infested, most likely as a result of increased indoor humidity due to reduced ventilation. Among Danish adults, 14% have developed IgE against mites. The allergens are stable and can remain for years. Keeping the humidity low (< 45%) during winter months is the most important limiting factor for mite growth. It can be accomplished by ventilation and heating. If bedding, pillow, eiderdown and covering mattress are washedat temperatures > 55 degrees C mites are killed and allergens removed. In addition mattress covers seem to be useful, although guidelines for quality assessment are lacking. Reduction in mite exposure will reduce development of allergy in all age groups especially in the newborn period. Immunotherapy can be offered in rhinitis and moderate asthma when sufficient allergen reduction cannot be accomplished.
Insights
House dust mites are a major allergen, with 14% of Danish adults developing IgE against them. Reducing indoor humidity and washing bedding at high temperatures are key to controlling mite populations and preventing allergies.
Area of Science:
- Allergen research
- Environmental health
- Immunology
Context:
- House dust mites are significant indoor allergens.
- Increased indoor humidity due to reduced ventilation is linked to higher mite infestations.
- 14% of Danish adults have developed immunoglobulin E (IgE) against mites.
Purpose:
- To identify key factors limiting house dust mite growth.
- To outline effective strategies for reducing mite allergen exposure.
- To inform allergy prevention and treatment approaches.
Summary:
- Maintaining low indoor humidity (<45%) is crucial for limiting mite proliferation, achievable through ventilation and heating.
- Washing bedding, pillows, and mattresses at temperatures exceeding 55°C effectively eliminates mites and their allergens.
- Mattress covers may also reduce allergen exposure, though quality assessment guidelines are needed.
Impact:
- Reducing mite exposure can prevent allergy development across all age groups, particularly in newborns.
- Immunotherapy is a viable option for managing allergic rhinitis and moderate asthma when allergen reduction is insufficient.