Pathology of isolated nonclassical and catastrophic manifestations of Takayasu arteritis

Takayasu arteritis is usually defined as a chronic, progressive, inflammatory, occlusive disease of the aorta and its branches. However, we should remind Takayasu arteritis as a systemic disease. Here I describe nonclassical and catastrophic manifestations of the Takayasu arteritis, which often go unrecognized until after the event. Especially I stress that we should focus on cardiopulmonary complications in Takayasu arteritis.