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Organization and polysaccharides of sponge aggregation factor

S Humphreys, T Humphreys, J Sano

    Journal of Supramolecular Structure
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Sponge cell aggregation factors are large fibrous complexes with backbones and arms. EDTA treatment dissociates these complexes, revealing distinct protein and polysaccharide components, crucial for understanding cell adhesion mechanisms.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology
    • Marine Biology

    Background:

    • Sponge cell aggregation is mediated by species-specific macromolecular complexes.
    • These complexes, termed aggregation factors, are essential for re-aggregating dissociated sponge cells.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To isolate, characterize, and visualize aggregation factors from various sponge species.
    • To elucidate the structural composition and dissociation properties of these macromolecular complexes.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation and partial characterization of aggregation factors.
    • Electron microscopy for visualization of complex structures.
    • Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) treatment to induce dissociation.
    • Micropore glass column chromatography for fractionating dissociation products.
    • Enzymatic digestion (proteinase K) and chemical treatment (DTT) to analyze components.
    • Size exclusion chromatography using Pharmacia dextrans as standards.

    Main Results:

    • Aggregation factors are large fibrous complexes with either linear or circular backbones and radiating arms.
    • "Sunburst" structures were observed, with circular backbones and arm-like extensions.
    • EDTA treatment dissociated the complexes into protein- and polysaccharide-containing components, including central circles and arm subunits.
    • Analysis revealed polysaccharide chains of 65,000 and 6,000 daltons associated with the circles, and a 6,000-dalton polysaccharide in the arm subunits.
    • A third component with large polydisperse polysaccharides was identified, potentially an impurity.

    Conclusions:

    • Sponge aggregation factors are complex macromolecular structures with distinct protein and polysaccharide moieties.
    • EDTA-induced dissociation provides insights into the subunit composition and organization of these factors.
    • The characterized polysaccharide components play a role in the structural integrity and potential function of the aggregation complexes.

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